cruciate muscle pectoralis major

Other characteristics of this disease are "unilateral shortening of the index, long, and ring fingers, syndactyly of the affected digits, hypoplasia of the hand, and the absence of the sternocostal portion of the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle". Forty-one tendon ruptures occurred among black soldiers, 8 occurred among white soldiers, and 3 occurred among Latino soldiers. It is composed of three parts named for their origins, with the sternocostal head forming the bulk (~80%) of the total muscle volume 8,9: clavicular head (pars clavicularis): originating from the anterior aspect of the medial half of the clavicle. The rupture of the pectoralis major muscle as a result of seat belt following an RTA has been reported previously by Harvey et al. in 2008 along with Foroulis et al. in 2008 along with Foroulis et al. The rupture of the pectoralis major muscle as a result of seat belt following an RTA has been reported previously by Harvey et al. [Submuscular and intramuscular surgical implants (similar to breast augmentation implants) may be available from plastic surgeons to modify aesthetic contours, mass, and asymmetry or variation in both males and females. The muscle, also know known as pec minor, is located beneath its counterpart pectoralis major and serves to move both your ribs and shoulder blade. The trigger points in the pectoralis major muscle can produce symptoms that are nearly identical to the pain associated with having a heart attack or angina pectoris. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. Er gehört zu den äußeren Brustmuskeln, die den ventralen Schultergürtel mit dem Rumpf verbinden. There, the fibers decussate to form the medial lemniscus which carries the sensory information the rest of the way to the thalamus, the "gateway to the cortex". jonestia998234. Am Arm überschneiden sich die Fasern des Musculus pectoralis major: Die Fasern, die von weit unten kommen, setzen am Oberarm weiter oben an als die Fasern, die vom Schlüsselbein kommen. Introduction. See appendix 3-4. The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. This may accompany absence of the breast in females. [Aesthetic contours of regions in the muscle may be specifically-addressed (“targeted”) by specific exercises; for instance, “plating” or “stitching” of the pectoralis major —towards the center of the sternum —-may be targeted by a wider hand position.] [9], Hypertrophy of the pectoralis major increases functionality. Injuries to the pectoralis major muscle are infrequent,1 with approximately 200 cases reported in the literature since the first description by Patissier in 1822.2 They most frequently affect young and active patients, especially weightlifters while practicing supine movements.3, 4 Tearing of the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle is a situation for … The rupture of the pectoralis major muscle as a result of seat belt following an RTA has been reported previously by Harvey et al. The pectoralis major can be targeted from numerous training angles along the sternum and clavicle. It covers much of the anterior chest wall. [12] Both US[14] and MRI[15] are useful to confirm the diagnosis, location and extent of a tear, though the first may be more cost-effective in experienced hands. Injury to your pec minor may cause difficulty with shoulder motions and proper rib elevation, and the muscle may be … Anatomy & Physiology: The Unit of Form and Function. Der Musculus pectoralis major ist ein großer, kräftiger und fächerförmiger Muskel, der am oberen Teil des knöchernen Thorax direkt über dem Musculus pectoralis minor liegt. Pectoralis major muscle injuries are relatively uncommon and occur secondary to weightlifting in nearly 50% of cases. Forty-one tendon ruptures occurred among black soldiers, 8 occurred among white soldiers, and 3 occurred among Latino soldiers. https://www.drgordongroh.com/.../shoulder/pectoralis-major-rupture 71. 1300 x 1390 jpeg 297 кб. According to Kakulas and Adams, pectoralis major is the most frequently congenitally absent muscle. The most common cause of this injury is bench-pressing, as it places the muscle fibers in a position of mechanical disadvantage while under heavy load. Left clavicle. Bitte logge Dich ein, um diesen Artikel zu bearbeiten. The latissimus dorsi and teres major also aid in adduction and medial rotation of the arm, so they may be able to compensate for the lack of extra muscle. Englisch: major pectoral muscle, pectoralis major muscle, breast muscle. The pec major attaches the upper arm bone to the collar and breast bones, with its main function being to adduct and internally rotate the upper arm bone. [7] The first action is flexion of the humerus, as in throwing a ball underhand, and in lifting a child. Partial excision is risky because recurrence may occur. The pectoralis major is the biggest muscle of a chest and also one of the most frequently trained muscles in fitness, Knowing more about the muscle will help you achieve better results while minimizing the risk of injury and imbalance. Superior surface, showing origins. Easy to use and portable, study sets in Pectoralis Major Muscle are great for studying in the way that works for … [12] A less frequent rupture site is the muscle belly, usually as a result of a direct blow. Er gehört zu den äußeren Brustmuskeln, die den ventralen Schultergürtel mit dem Rumpf verbinden. The pectoralis major (PM) muscle is a powerful adductor, flexor, and internal rotator of the shoulder, and contributes considerably to upper-body power and motor capacity. Thoracodorsal (C6-8): Supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. It lies under the breast.It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm.. Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. The lateral pectoral nerve is distributed over the deep surface of the pectoralis major. Der Muskel liegt unter der mit ihm fest verwachsenen Fascia pectoralis und auf der Fascia clavipectoralis. Um diesen Artikel zu kommentieren, melde Dich bitte an. The pectoral major may colloquially be referred to as "pecs", "pectoral muscle" or "chest muscle" due to it being the largest and most superficial muscle in the chest area. https://www.verywellhealth.com/pectoralis-major-anatomy-4691799 Cause. [17], Pectoralis major muscle in rare occasions may develop intramuscular lipomas. Most lesions are located at the musculotendinous junction and result from violent, eccentric contraction of the muscle, such as during bench press. gluteus medius.C. Man unterteilt den Muskel in drei Anteile: Die drei Muskelteile haben folgenden Ursprung: Die Fasern des Musculus pectoralis major ziehen konzentrisch auf ihre Insertionsstelle zu und laufen dort zu einer flachen Sehne zusammen, deren Ansatz an der Crista tuberculi majoris des Humerus liegt. Although nonoperative management is … Part of the series: LS - Pro Fitness Tips. More than 3/4 of the patients that our NYC orthopedic surgeons see with this injury received the injury during weight-lifting, specifically due to bench pressing too much weight. The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. Pectoralis major exercises that you can do at home will pull in your stomach a... Pectoralis Major Exercises at Home. A muscle that extends both the wrist and the index finger is the A. extensor indicis.B. Muscles forming the chest wall, which aid in respiration. Diese dient als Durchtrittsstelle für die Vena cephalica, wobei sie die Fascia clavipectoralis durchbohrt. The sensory feedback from the pectoralis major follows the reverse path, returning via first-order neurons to the spinal nerves at C5, C6, C8, and T1 through the posterior rami. All patients were active-duty soldiers, and 1 was a female soldier. A combination of both single-joint and multi-joint exercises will result in a maximum hypertrophic response. However, previous physical exams did not show deficiencies in muscle strength as the right shoulder was good for flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction and internal rotation. in 2008 along with Foroulis et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major is uncommon … Diese Verdrehung wird bei zunehmender Elevation des Arms aufgehoben. [13] The injury is characterized by sudden and acute pain in the chest wall and shoulder area, bruising and loss of strength of the muscle. from breadth of the half of the anterior surface of the sternum, as low down as the attachment of the cartilage of the sixth or seventh rib; from the cartilages of all the true ribs, with the exception, frequently, of the first or seventh, and from the aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle.[2][3]. Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. Synonym: Großer Brustmuskel as cruciate: sternocleidomastoid, masseter and adductor magnus are all partially spiral and cruciate. trapezius.... 81. [16] Although the absence of a pectoralis major is not life-threatening, it will have an effect on the person with Poland's syndrome. Pectoralis Major is well described as a two-head muscle, according to its clavicular and sternocostal heads [13]. The respiratory organs consist of the upper respiratory tract: This is a table of … Sie besteht aus zwei übereinander liegenden Schichten (Laminae), die in sich verdreht erscheinen. extensor po... 91. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Pectoralis Major Muscle in … anterior, middle, and posterior the deltoid muscle fibers are seperated into _____. The authors identified 52 major tendon ruptures 29 Achilles, 12 patellar, 7 pectoralis major, and 4 quadriceps tendon ruptures. Due to its shape it … 3D-Modell, … Sensory information for the pectoralis major is processed in the superior portion of the sensory homunculus, adjacent to the longitudinal fissure which divides the two hemispheres of the brain. vastus lateralis.D. Get ready for your Pectoralis Major Muscle tests by reviewing key facts, theories, examples, synonyms and definitions with study sets created by students like you. This can occur during weight training when performing bench press exercises. Master Medical Books, 2013. Normal Anatomy. Bei fixierten (aufgestützen) Armen (Kutschersitz) dient er als stärkster inspiratorischer Atemhilfsmuskel, zusammen mit dem Musculus pectoralis minor. A) It is superficial to all other muscles ill Its region B) It is a brachial extensor C) it originates from the clavicle, sternum, and costae D) its insertion is the antenor proximal humerus E) it is innervated by … It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder. All patients were active-duty soldiers, and 1 was a female soldier. The chest muscle is very large and a pectoralis major rupture would need to be treated by a surgeon in many cases. Referred pain from these trigger points is experienced in the chest, front of the shoulder, down the inside of the arm, and along the inside of the elbow. Electromyography suggests that it consists of at least six groups of muscle fibres that can be independently coordinated by the central nervous system. The pectoralis major muscle has both a sternal (breastbone) and clavicular head. Injury typically occurs when an eccentric load is applied to the muscle, such as with bench pressing, and failure usually occurs through the tendon. He had difficulty in some training activities especially those such as throwing a grenade or rope climbing. The sternocostal part is antagonistic to the clavicular part contributing to downward and forward movement of the arm and inward rotation when accompanied by adduction. cruciate muscle a muscle in which the fiber bundles are arranged in the shape of an X. cutaneous muscle striated muscle that inserts into the skin. Other causes of a pectoralis major rupture include football, wrestling, mixed martial arts, and … von lateinisch: pectus - Brust Women are less susceptible to these tears because of larger tendon-to-muscle diameter, greater muscular elasticity, and less energetic injuries. chest injury muscle … 2,6] Relevant injuries (fractures, luxation injuries to the carpus and tarsus), as well as concomitant injuries in particular to cruciate ligaments, are often primarily overseen in polytrauma patients. [4] After the synapse in the posterior horn of the spinal cord, sensory information concerning movement of the muscle, proprioception, and pressure then travels through a second-order neuron in the dorsal column medial lemniscus tract to the medulla. After surgery, the impacted arm is then immobilized with a sling for about six to eight weeks to minimize and avoid movement of the arm and potentially re-rupturing the surgery site. cruciate muscle a muscle in which the fiber bundles are arranged in the shape of an X. cutaneous muscle striated muscle that inserts into the skin. This type of injury is known to affect the athletic population, namely in high-impact contact sports such as powerlifting, and may result in pain, weakness, and disability. The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front, The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front. [citation needed] Poland syndrome is a rare congenital condition in which the whole muscle is missing, most commonly on one side of the body. Saladin, KS (2010). Changes made by Kari Thomas. The case involved a 22-year-old marine who had asymmetrical configuration of chest wall who had never experienced difficulties performing daily activities, but who experienced difficulties in the military camp. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. They may also produce tenderness in the breast and nipple … biceps brachii.C. The population at risk included 93,224 exposures during the 2-year period, of … Moreover, his pain and touch sensation were normal. Biologe/in | Chemiker/in | Naturwissenschaftler/in. Chapter on ultrasound evaluation of pectoralis major tears available at, aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, https://maleplasticsurgerynewyork.com/pec-augmentation/, "Congenital Absence of Pectoralis Major: A Case Report and Isokinetic Analysis of Shoulder Motion", "An Unusual Case of an Intramuscular Lipoma of the Pectoralis Major Muscle Simulating a Malignant Breast Mass", Illustration: upper-body/pectoralis-major, MRI Imaging sequence demonstrating a pectoralis major muscle tear, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pectoralis_major&oldid=1020734509, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 April 2021, at 18:52. The pectoralis major receives dual motor innervation by the medial pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve, also known as the lateral anterior thoracic nerve. Results: The authors identified 52 major tendon ruptures: 29 Achilles, 12 patellar, 7 pectoralis major, and 4 quadriceps tendon ruptures. Anterior view, showing insertion. The end of the pectoralis major muscle was located (generally in a retracted, medialized position adherent to the chest wall). +43 more terms. [10] Exercises that include horizontal adduction and elbow extensions such as the barbell bench press, dumbbell bench press, and machine bench press induce high activation of the pectoralis major in the sternocostal region. The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest of the human body.It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast.Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle.The pectoralis major's primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the … The clavicular head receives innervation from the C5 and C6 nerve roots via the upper trunk and lateral cord of the brachial plexus, which gives off the lateral pectoral nerve. It is supplied by the pectoral nerve off of the lateral cord and the deltoid branch of the thoraco-acromial artery. Obere Extremität. The pectoralis major's primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus. The authors identified 52 major tendon ruptures 29 Achilles, 12 patellar, 7 pectoralis major, and 4 quadriceps tendon ruptures. Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [6]], The pectoralis major has four actions which are primarily responsible for movement of the shoulder joint. However, some patients with Poland's syndrome may also be lacking these muscles, which make these actions nearly impossible. The treatment in these cases involves complete surgical excision because of the risk of liposarcoma they post especially large intramuscular liposomas. rectus abdominis biceps brachii, temporalis, adductor longus . Forty-one tendon ruptures occurred among … 2,6] Relevant injuries (fractures, luxation injuries to the carpus and tarsus), as well as concomitant injuries in particular to cruciate ligaments, are often primarily overseen in polytrauma patients. ANATOMY OF PECTORALIS MAJOR. Maximal activation of the pectoralis major occurs in the transverse plane through pressing motions. techniques and strategies for dealing with pain. Waiting can cause the acute injury to become chronic and chances of success is greatly diminished as a result. According to Bak, complete tears are … extensor carpi ulnaris.C. https://www.verywellhealth.com/pectoralis-minor-anatomy-4706831 Zwischen der Pars clavicularis des Musculus pectoralis major, dem Musculus deltoideus und der Clavicula liegt die Fossa infraclavicularis ("Mohrenheim-Grube"). High grade partial or full thickness tears warrant surgical repair as the preferred treatment if function is to be preserved, particularly in the athletic population. The pectoralis minor muscle (not shown in the diagram) is located underneath the pectoralis major muscle, attaching to the coracoid. They all end in a flat tendon, about 5 cm in breadth, which is inserted into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus) of the humerus. The pec minor runs from the 3rd-5th ribs to the forward projection of the shoulder blade, thereby helping to stabilise the shoulder blade in to … A common site for injections is the A. biceps femoris.B. sartorius . Athletes who lose all PM muscle function following a complete tear of this muscle, even unilaterally, risk losing their career. Pectoralis major origins and insertions. Such rare tumors may mimic malignant breast tumors as they look like enlargements of the breasts. This can occur during weight training when performing bench press exercises. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema Pectoralis Major Muscle sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. Left humerus. Pectoralis Major (PM) is a muscle-tendon unit that connects the anterior chest wall with the upper member. What are the symptoms of a pectoralis major muscle rupture? Inferior surface, showing origins. Forty-one tendon ruptures occurred among black soldiers, 8 occurred among white soldiers, and 3 occurred among Latino soldiers. Chest muscles function in respiration while abdominal muscles function in torso movement and in … Der Musculus pectoralis major bewirkt eine Anteversion, Adduktion und Innenrotation des Arms im Schultergelenk. Das venöse Blut wird durch die Venae pectorales in die Vena subclavia abgeleitet. Der Musculus pectoralis major ist ein großer, kräftiger und fächerförmiger Muskel, der am oberen Teil des knöchernen Thorax direkt über dem Musculus pectoralis minor liegt. Athletes who lose all PM muscle function following a complete tear of this muscle, even unilaterally, risk losing their career. Three major types of ACL injuries are described: Direct Contact: 30% of the cases. O muscles—sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene, infrahyoid, pectoralis major and o diaphragm. It is composed of three parts named for their origins, with the sternocostal head forming the bulk (~80%) of the total muscle volume 8,9: clavicular head (pars clavicularis): originating from the anterior aspect of the medial half of the clavicle. 5th ed. Die Innervation des Musculus pectoralis major erfolgt durch den Nervus pectoralis medialis (C8-Th1) und den Nervus pectoralis lateralis (C5-C7) aus dem Plexus brachialis (Fasciculus lateralis und medialis). https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/major-pectoralis-muscle Klicken und ziehen, um das 3D-Modell auf der Seite zu verschieben. Pattern of Injury. [ 2 , 6 ] Relevant injuries (fractures, luxation injuries to the carpus and tarsus), as well as concomitant injuries in particular to cruciate ligaments, are often primarily overseen in polytrauma patients. Both these are anatomical variations. Researchers from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea reported a case of congenital absence of pectoralis major in 1990. Sascha Alexander Bröse), Musculus erector spinae (Jannik Blaschke), Schädel mit Musculus pterygoideus medialis (Frank Geisler), Schädel mit Musculus pterygoideus lateralis (Frank Geisler), Musculus pectoralis profundus (Veterinärmedizin), Pars clavicularis: An der medialen Hälfte der, Pars sternocostalis: Am ipsilateralen Rand des. https://www.verywellhealth.com/pectoralis-major-anatomy-4691799 Click Picture To Enlarge! Deficiency or absence of the sternocostal part is not uncommon and more frequent than absence of the clavicular part. true the anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joints is the pectoralis major muscle. Their location can be accurately identified through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Understanding chest wall anatomy is paramount … in 2004. The muscle inserts on the humerus just lateral to the bicipital groove. Tags: Therefore, complete tear of PM is considered a severe, incapacitating … deltoid muscle the muscular cap of the shoulder, often used as a site for an intramuscular injection. Poland syndrome is a congenital anomaly in which there is a malformation of the chest causing the pectoralis major on one side of the body to be absent. in 2004. It consists of a clavicular part and a sternal part, both converging to a … On average people fear spiders more than they do death. Dadurch entsteht ein Bogen, der die vordere Begrenzung der Achselhöhle bildet. The pectoralis major is a large muscle and contributes significant strength to the upper arm. When the bar is lowered, the pectoralis major muscle is stretched across the chest. The muscle fibers converge like a fan into three laminae (clavicular, manubrial, and abdominal), which twist 180° before coalescing into a single tendon of insertion in the bicipital groove of the humerus, just lateral to the biceps tendon. This tendon consists of two laminae, placed one in front of the other, and usually blended together below: These deep fibers, and particularly those from the lower costal cartilages, ascend the humerus insertion higher, turning backward successively behind the superficial and upper ones, so that the tendon appears to be twisted. Hamilton, N, Luttgens, K, Weimar, W (2008). The chest muscles are made up of the pectoralis major and, underneath that, the pectoralis minor. together they are often referred to as the pecs. Many muscles display more than one of these major types of arrangement, and show regional variations which correspond to contrasting, and in some cases independent, actions. When at an approximately 110 degree angle,[citation needed] it contributes to adduction of the humerus. Left clavicle. The pectoralis major muscle demonstrates two distinctively different parts—the clavicular head and the sternal head. Pectoralis major Deltoid Teres major Teres minor Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Latissimus dorsi Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Anconeus Brachialis Brachioradialis Examine the anterior and posterior compartments of the … Browse 1,709 male chest anatomy stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. latissimus dorsi the posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the _____. In addition, the pectoralis major is a cruciate muscle. The sternalis muscle may be a variant form of the pectoralis major or the rectus abdominis. Medial pectoral (C8, T1): Supplies the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Its humeral tendon insertion is just lateral to the bicipital groove and measures approximately 5 centimeters in length and 3 to 4 millimeters in width, with U-shape (anterior and posterior layers inferiorly continuous) [14]. Boston: Mcgraw Hill. Therefore, complete tear of PM is considered a severe, incapacitating sports injury. It arises from the anterior surface of the sternal half of the clavicle Tears of the pectoralis major are rare and typically affect otherwise healthy individuals. In this post, you will learn the chest muscles anatomy which is easy since there … [5], The more frequent variations include greater or less extent of attachment to the ribs and sternum, varying size of the abdominal part or its absence, greater or less extent of separation of sternocostal and clavicular parts, fusion of clavicular part with deltoid, and decussation in front of the sternum. All patients were active-duty soldiers, and 1 was a female soldier. Therefore, complete tear of PM is considered a severe, incapacitating … Der Musculus pectoralis major, deutsch vorderer Brustmuskel oder großer Brustmuskel, ist ein Skelettmuskel und bedeckt den gesamten vorderen Rippenbereich. Medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm (C8, T1): Skin of the medial aspect of the arm and forearm. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in young individuals who participate in sports activities associated with pivoting, decelerating and jumping. flexor … Acting fast, obtaining the correct diagnoses, and getting the surgical repair as soon as possible is a key to successful recovery. The tendon of … In developed countries, most lesions occur in male athletes, especially those practicing contact sports and weight-lifting (particularly during a bench press maneuver). the pectoralis major is the larger muscle and has. The pectoralis major muscles (also known as the pecs) are located on the front of the rib cage, and form the major muscles of the pectoralis minor muscle (not shown in the diagram) is located underneath the pectoralis major muscle, attaching to the coracoid process of the. all fibers of pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the _____. Injuries to the pectoralis major muscle are relatively rare but result in pain, weakness, cosmetic deformity and in many cases, inability to return to previous levels of function. The pectoralis major (PM) muscle is a powerful adductor, flexor, and internal rotator of the shoulder, and contributes considerably to upper-body power and motor capacity. The chest muscles are a group of muscles … Pectoralis major is a large, fan-shaped muscle. X-rays were also performed and showed normal pictures of the chest's bones. They’re common at the gym when doing a bench press or other major weight lifting without proper stretches beforehand or when done with bad form. Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding the pectoralis major muscle. Thirdly, it rotates the humerus medially, as occurs when arm-wrestling. Lateral pectoral (C5-7): Supplies the pectoralis major muscle. Athletes who lose all PM muscle function following a complete tear of this muscle, even unilaterally, risk losing their career. The pectoralis minor muscle is a small, flat, triangular-shaped muscle located in your chest. You may have to remove some of the superficial muscles to identify them. The general shape of the pectoralis major is that of a "fan", meaning it has a wide origin on the clavicle, ribs 2 through 6 and sternum and tapers into a narrow insertion on the humerus. Non-Contact: 70% of the cases: by doing a wrong movement. Secondly, it adducts the humerus, as when flapping the arms.

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